by Carlye Christianson
For a nonprofit, transparency is one of those ubiquitous concepts about which we hear, but one that we cannot quite understand what it means or how to achieve it. Transparency is an essential aspect of sound governance. It builds trust; it enables donors, service recipients and other constituents to make better decisions; and transparency encourages charitable giving.
Shortly after the passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, the discussion of transparency in nonprofits focused on addressing information concerning
• financial accountability and
• the cost and effectiveness of the mission and programs.
Increased interest in process has expanded the standards of transparency to include disseminating information as to
• how decisions are made and
• how information is communicated.
But the question remains: How to evaluate the quality of your communications for transparency. In large measure there are few objective measurements. One approach is to look at the information your organization provides on its website and in marketing materials to determine if you are:
• presenting all relevant information, and
• presenting the information in a way so that a donor can feel confident that all knowable and relevant information has been provided.
Posting the Form 990 and audited financial statements seems to be a minimum. But making the information accessible also must be supported by making the information understandable. Many people may need, or the information contained in the reports may dictate, a narrative of some aspect of the financials. This is especially true if there has been a significant change in revenues or expenses or reserves. So, if reserves were significantly diminished because of reconstruction in office space, add a paragraph. If revenues decreased by more than an expected level, explain what was taken into consideration in budgeting anticipated revenues. If fundraising expenses increased because of a capital campaign, address the issue. If space is being rented from a board member explain the process undertaken to ensure the rent being paid is appropriate.
Including brief biographic information on board members and senior staff leadership opens the door to donors or other constituents to know the people who are involved in the decision making processes.
Identifying the standards – objective or otherwise – used to determine whether a program is successful is an important piece of transparency. If your nonprofit provides services for the homeless and success is measured in the number of beds available, that information should be highlighted. If the success though is measured in terms of the number of people or families transitioned to permanent housing, that measure should be highlighted as well. Look at you website and your marketing material to ensure adequate information is provided so the reader knows the impact of your efforts.
In its March, 2011 publication, the Chronicle of Philanthropy printed an article by Bob Carlson of the Missouri Attorney General’s office. His office deals with complaints regarding nonprofits. He noted that lack of transparency, failure to disclose information and other related topics are at the source of more complaints than almost any other issue. The complaints are not a result of unmet expectations, but rather as a result of the absence of information. The vacuum created with a lack of information creates distrust.
“Transparency sheds light on an organization’s practices, and that enhances incentives for ethical, efficient and effective operations and facilitates oversight by the public and others.”
Interest in what is happening behind the scenes has never been greater than it is now. Take care in letting people see what’s behind the curtain.
Editors Note: Carlye Christianson is a leading expert in discrimination law and risk management for non-profit organizations. She writes, lectures, consults and trains nationwide. She is headquartered in the DC area. We are fortunate to have her as a new contributor and affiliated with our site. Look for more of her analysis in week’s to come. Carlye can be reached at carlye.cb@cox.net.